References

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thompson2022 Thompson, C.D.H. & Meeuwig, J.J. (2022) Sharks are the preferred scraping surface for large pelagic fishes: Possible implications for parasite removal and fitness in a changing ocean. PLoS ONE, 17 (10) e0275458.
thrush1994 Thrush, S.F. & Pridmore, R.D. & Hewitt, J.E. & Cummings, V.J. (1994) The importance of predators on a sand-flat: interplay between seasonal changes in prey densities and predator effects. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 107, 211-222.
towner2022 Towner, A.V. & Watson, R.G.A. & Kock, A.A. & Papastamatiou, Y. & Sturup, M. & Gennari, E. & Baker, K. & Booth, T. & Dicken, M. & Chivell, W. & Elwen, S. & Kaschke, T. & Edwards, D. & Smale, M.J. (2022) Fear at the top: killer whale predation drives white shark absence at South Africa’s largest aggregation site. African Journal of Marine Science, 44 (2) 139:152
towner2022a Towner, A.V. & Kock, A.A. & Stopforth, C. & Hurwitz, D. & Elwen, S.H. (2022) Direct observation of killer whales preying on white sharks and evidence of a flight response. Ecology, e3875.
valentine1994 Valentine, J.F. & Heck Jr, K.L. & Harper, P. & Beck, M. (1994) Effects of bioturbation in controlling turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum Banks ex Kӧnig) abundance: evidence from field enclosures and observations in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 178 (2) 181:192.
vanblaricom1982 VanBlaricom, G.R. (1982) Experimental analyses of structural regulation in a marine sand community exposed to oceanic swell. Ecological Monographs, 52 (3) 283:305
vaughan2010b Vaughan, R. & Würsig, B. & Packard, J. (2010) Dolphin prey herding: prey ball mobility relative to dolphin group and prey ball sizes, multispecies associates, and feeding duration. Marine Mammal Science, 26 (1) 213:225.
visser2005 Visser, I.N. (2005) First observations of feeding on thresher (Alopias vulpinus) and hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena) sharks by killer whales (Orcinus orca) specialising on elasmobranch prey. Aquatic Mammals, 31 (1) 83.
ward2005a Ward, P. & Myers, R.A. (2005) Shifts in open-ocean fish communities coinciding with the commencement of commercial fishing. Ecology, 86 (4) 835:847.
wirsing2008 Wirsing, A.J. & Heithaus, M.R. & Frid, A. & Dill, L.M. (2008) Seascapes of fear: evaluating sublethal predator effects experienced and generated by marine mammals. Marine Mammal Science, 24 (1) 1:15.
coleman2021 Coleman, N.C. & Burge, E.J. (2021) Association behavior between sand tiger sharks and round scad is driven by mesopredators. PeerJ, 9, e11164.
hammerschlag2022 Hammerschlag, N. & Fallows, C. & Meÿer, M. & Seakamela, S.M. & Orndorff, S. & Kirkman, S. & Kotze, D. & Creel, S. (2022) Loss of an apex predator in the wild induces physiological and behavioural changes in prey. Biology Letters, 18 (1) 20210476.