Sphyrna zygaena

Superorder: Galeomorphii

Subclass: Elasmobranchii

Order: Carcharhiniformes

Family: Sphyrnidae

Export trait data as CSV

External references for this species:

IUCN Red List
Species Regulated by International Treaties

CITES: Appendix II (2013)

CMS: Appendix II (2020)

Traits

Ecological Role

Name Value Standard ValueType Sex Location Reference
Direct Predation High Effect size mean Pooled North Carolina myers2007
Direct Predation Medium Strength of evidence mean Pooled North Carolina myers2007
Risk Effect Medium Effect size mean Pooled North Carolina myers2007
Risk Effect Low Strength of evidence mean Pooled North Carolina myers2007
Trophic Cascade High Effect size mean Pooled North Carolina myers2007
Trophic Cascade Low Strength of evidence mean Pooled North Carolina myers2007
Direct Predation Medium Effect size mean Pooled North Carolina grubbs2016
Direct Predation Low Strength of evidence mean Pooled North Carolina grubbs2016
Risk Effect Medium Effect size mean Pooled North Carolina grubbs2016
Risk Effect Low Strength of evidence mean Pooled North Carolina grubbs2016
Trophic Cascade Low Effect size mean Pooled North Carolina grubbs2016
Trophic Cascade Low Strength of evidence mean Pooled North Carolina grubbs2016
Direct Predation Medium Effect size mean Pooled Eastern Pacific Coast to Hawaii hunsicker2012
Direct Predation High Strength of evidence mean Pooled Eastern Pacific Coast to Hawaii hunsicker2012
Competition Medium Effect size mean Pooled Eastern Pacific Coast to Hawaii hunsicker2012
Competition High Strength of evidence mean Pooled Eastern Pacific Coast to Hawaii hunsicker2012
Prey Low Effect size mean Pooled Paihia, NZ visser2005
Prey High Strength of evidence mean Pooled Paihia, NZ visser2005
Direct Predation High Effect size mean Pooled Southern Brazilian Coast bornatowski2014b
Direct Predation High Strength of evidence mean Pooled Southern Brazilian Coast bornatowski2014b

Relationships

Name Value Standard ValueType Sex Location Reference
a 8.78 Coefficient Pooled Colima cruz2011
b 0.74 Coefficient Pooled Colima cruz2011
a 45.23 Coefficient Female Colima cruz2011
b 0.94 Coefficient Female Colima cruz2011
a 7.35 Coefficient Male Colima cruz2011
b 1.22 Coefficient Male Colima cruz2011

Growth

Name Value Standard ValueType Sex Location Reference
Linf 299.36 cm raw_value Male Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
Linf 303.86 cm raw_value Male Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
Linf 301.62 cm raw_value Female Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
Linf 336.63 cm raw_value Female Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
Linf 296.23 cm raw_value Pooled Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
Linf 305.27 cm raw_value Pooled Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
k 0.13 Coefficient raw_value Male Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
k 0.14 Coefficient raw_value Male Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
k 0.13 Coefficient raw_value Female Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
k 0.08 Coefficient raw_value Female Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
k 0.14 Coefficient raw_value Pooled Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
k 0.11 Coefficient raw_value Pooled Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
t0 -2.99 Year raw_value Male Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
t0 -2.12 Year raw_value Male Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
t0 -2.45 Year raw_value Female Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
t0 -4.17 Year raw_value Female Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
t0 -2.28 Year raw_value Pooled Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
t0 -2.85 Year raw_value Pooled Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
Linf 286.3 cm Female Mexican Central Pacific perezjimenez1997
Linf 254 cm Male Mexican Central Pacific perezjimenez1997
k 0.21 Coefficient Female Mexican Central Pacific perezjimenez1997
k 0.24 Coefficient Male Mexican Central Pacific perezjimenez1997

Length

Name Value Standard ValueType Sex Location Reference
Lbirth 80.26 cm TL raw_value Female Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
Lbirth 88.83 cm TL raw_value Male Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
Lbirth 83.89 cm TL raw_value Pooled Baja California peninsula garzagisholt2004
Lmat50 200 cm TL mean Female Gulf of California navanava2014
Lmat50 193.7 cm TL mean Male Gulf of California navanava2014
Lmax-observed 286.2 cm TL raw_value Female Gulf of California navanava2014
Lmax-observed 278 cm TL raw_value Male Gulf of California navanava2014
Lmax-observed 286 cm TL Female Mexican Central Pacific perezjimenez1997
Lmax-observed 254 cm TL Male Mexican Central Pacific perezjimenez1997
Lbirth 55.7 cm TL Pooled Mexican Central Pacific perezjimenez1997
Length at first maturity 196 cm TL Female Mexican Central Pacific perezjimenez1997
Length at first maturity 208 cm TL Male Mexican Central Pacific perezjimenez1997

Reproduction

Name Value Standard ValueType Sex Location Reference
Uterine fecundity 23.36 n mean Female Mexican Central Pacific perezjimenez1997
Embryonic sex ratio 1.08:1 n Female Mexican Central Pacific perezjimenez1997

Trends

Location Unit Reference
Kwazulu-Natal coast South-Africa
individual dudley2006b Details
New South Wales coast Australia
individual reid2011 Details
West Atlantic
individual jiao2011 Details
West Atlantic
individual jiao2011 Details
Kwazulu-Natal coast South-Africa
individual dicken2018 Details
USA northwest Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas
individual Carlsonunpubl12 Details

Group Trends

Location Unit Reference
West Atlantic
individual baum2010 Details
Brazil coast to mid Atlantic
individual bezerra2016 Details
West Atlantic
individual baum2003 Details
South Pacific
individual rice2015 Details
New South Wales coast Australia
individual reid2011 Details

Contributors to the data of this species

  • egarcia
  • lsaldana
  • Simon Dedman
  • Nathan Pacoureau