- egarcia
- lsaldana
- ajudah
- Simon Dedman
- Nathan Pacoureau
Superorder: Galeomorphii
Subclass: Elasmobranchii
Order: Carcharhiniformes
Family: Carcharhinidae
External references for this species:
IUCN Red ListCITES: Appendix II (2017)
CMS: Appendix II (2014)
| Name | Value | Standard | ValueType | Sex | Location | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parturition | May-October | Month | raw_value | Female | Gulf of Tehuantepec | alejoplata2016 |
| Uterine fecundity | 7 | n | raw_value | Female | Gulf of Tehuantepec | alejoplata2016 |
| Gestation length | 12 | Month | raw_value | Female | Gulf of Mexico | bonfil1993 |
| Uterine fecundity | 2 | n | min | Female | Gulf of Mexico | bonfil1993 |
| Uterine fecundity | 2 | n | min | Pooled | Baja California peninsula | carrerafernandez2011 |
| Uterine fecundity | 2 | n | min | Pooled | Mexican Central Pacific | carrerafernandez2011 |
| Uterine fecundity | 1 | n | min | Pooled | Gulf of Tehuantepec | carrerafernandez2011 |
| Uterine fecundity | 4.75 | n | mean | Female | Colima | cruz2011 |
| Ovarian fecundity | 4 | n | min | Female | Gulf of Tehuantepec | galvantirado2015 |
| Uterine fecundity | 2 | n | min | Female | Gulf of Tehuantepec | galvantirado2015 |
| Max oviducal width | 40 | mm | raw_value | Female | Baja California peninsula | hoyospadilla2012 |
| Max uterine width | 150 | mm | raw_value | Female | Baja California peninsula | hoyospadilla2012 |
| Ovulation | June-September | Month | raw_value | Female | Baja California peninsula | hoyospadilla2012 |
| Uterine fecundity | 5 | n | mean | Female | Baja California peninsula | hoyospadilla2012 |
| Uterine fecundity | 8 | n | min | Female | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Name | Value | Standard | ValueType | Sex | Location | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lmat50 | 184.8 | cm TL | mean | Female | Gulf of Tehuantepec | alejoplata2016 |
| Lmat50 | 178.5 | cm TL | mean | Male | Gulf of Tehuantepec | alejoplata2016 |
| Length at first maturity | 160 | cm TL | raw_value | Female | Gulf of Tehuantepec | alejoplata2016 |
| Length at first maturity | 120 | cm TL | raw_value | Male | Gulf of Tehuantepec | alejoplata2016 |
| Lmax-observed | 217 | cm TL | raw_value | Female | Gulf of Tehuantepec | alejoplata2016 |
| Lmax-observed | 265 | cm TL | raw_value | Male | Gulf of Tehuantepec | alejoplata2016 |
| Lbirth | 66 | cm TL | raw_value | Pooled | Gulf of Tehuantepec | alejoplata2016 |
| Length at first maturity | 232 | cm TL | raw_value | Female | Gulf of Mexico | bonfil1993 |
| Length at first maturity | 225 | cm TL | raw_value | Male | Gulf of Mexico | bonfil1993 |
| Lbirth | 76 | cm TL | raw_value | Pooled | Gulf of Mexico | bonfil1993 |
| Lmat50 | 183.2 | cm TL | raw_value | Female | Baja California peninsula | carrerafernandez2011 |
| Lmat50 | 182.82 | cm TL | raw_value | Male | Baja California peninsula | carrerafernandez2011 |
| Lmat95 | 203.6 | cm TL | raw_value | Female | Baja California peninsula | carrerafernandez2011 |
| Lmat95 | 201.16 | cm TL | raw_value | Male | Baja California peninsula | carrerafernandez2011 |
| Lmat50 | 180.44 | cm TL | raw_value | Female | Mexican Central Pacific | carrerafernandez2011 |
| Lmat50 | 174.38 | cm TL | raw_value | Male | Mexican Central Pacific | carrerafernandez2011 |
| Lmat95 | 200.45 | cm TL | raw_value | Female | Mexican Central Pacific | carrerafernandez2011 |
| Lmat95 | 198.75 | cm TL | raw_value | Male | Mexican Central Pacific | carrerafernandez2011 |
| Lmat50 | 189.5 | cm TL | raw_value | Female | Gulf of Tehuantepec | carrerafernandez2011 |
| Lmat50 | 185.63 | cm TL | raw_value | Male | Gulf of Tehuantepec | carrerafernandez2011 |
| Lmat95 | 199.9 | cm TL | raw_value | Female | Gulf of Tehuantepec | carrerafernandez2011 |
| Lmat95 | 197.29 | cm TL | raw_value | Male | Gulf of Tehuantepec | carrerafernandez2011 |
| Lmat50 | 120 | cm TL | mean | Female | Oaxaca -Mexico | cruzjimenez2010 |
| Lmat50 | 145 | cm TL | mean | Male | Oaxaca -Mexico | cruzjimenez2010 |
| Length at first maturity | 185 | cm TL | raw_value | Female | Gulf of Tehuantepec | galvantirado2015 |
| Length at first maturity | 180 | cm TL | raw_value | Male | Gulf of Tehuantepec | galvantirado2015 |
| Lmat50 | 190 | cm TL | raw_value | Female | Gulf of Tehuantepec | galvantirado2015 |
| Lmat50 | 180 | cm TL | raw_value | Male | Gulf of Tehuantepec | galvantirado2015 |
| Lbirth | 60 | cm TL | raw_value | Pooled | Gulf of Tehuantepec | galvantirado2015 |
| Lmat50 | 182 | cm TL | mean | Male | Baja California peninsula | hoyospadilla2012 |
| Lmat50 | 180 | cm TL | mean | Female | Baja California peninsula | hoyospadilla2012 |
| Length at first maturity | 182 | cm TL | raw_value | Male | Baja California peninsula | hoyospadilla2012 |
| Length at first maturity | 180 | cm TL | raw_value | Female | Baja California peninsula | hoyospadilla2012 |
| Lbirth | 76.5 | cm TL | raw_value | Pooled | Baja California peninsula | sanchezdeita2011 |
| Lmax-observed | 239 | cm TL | max | Female | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Lmax-observed | 265 | cm TL | max | Male | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Length of largest immature | 230 | cm TL | max | Male | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Length at first maturity | 175 | cm TL | min | Male | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Lmat50 | 212.5 | cm TL | raw_value | Male | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Length at first maturity | 210 | cm TL | raw_value | Female | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Lmat50 | 210 | cm TL | min | Female | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Length at maternity | 223 | cm TL | min | Female | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Lbirth | 63.5 | cm TL | min | Pooled | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Name | Value | Standard | ValueType | Sex | Location | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linf | 314.9 | cm | raw_value | Female | Gulf of Mexico | bonfil1993 |
| Linf | 301 | cm | raw_value | Male | Gulf of Mexico | bonfil1993 |
| k | 0.091 | Coefficient | raw_value | Female | Gulf of Mexico | bonfil1993 |
| k | 0.098 | Coefficient | raw_value | Male | Gulf of Mexico | bonfil1993 |
| t0 | -3.18 | Year | raw_value | Female | Gulf of Mexico | bonfil1993 |
| t0 | -3.05 | Year | raw_value | Male | Gulf of Mexico | bonfil1993 |
| Linf | 309.07 | cm | raw_value | Male | Eastern Pacific | cervantesgutierrez2013 |
| Linf | 365.3 | cm | raw_value | Female | Eastern Pacific | cervantesgutierrez2013 |
| Linf | 340.45 | cm | raw_value | Pooled | Eastern Pacific | cervantesgutierrez2013 |
| Linf | 269.32 | cm | raw_value | Pooled | Eastern Pacific | cervantesgutierrez2013 |
| k | 0.048 | Coefficient | raw_value | Male | Eastern Pacific | cervantesgutierrez2013 |
| k | 0.036 | Coefficient | raw_value | Female | Eastern Pacific | cervantesgutierrez2013 |
| k | 0.04 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Eastern Pacific | cervantesgutierrez2013 |
| k | 0.068 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Eastern Pacific | cervantesgutierrez2013 |
| t0 | -5.88 | Year | raw_value | Male | Eastern Pacific | cervantesgutierrez2013 |
| t0 | -6.834 | Year | raw_value | Female | Eastern Pacific | cervantesgutierrez2013 |
| t0 | -6.527 | Year | raw_value | Pooled | Eastern Pacific | cervantesgutierrez2013 |
| Linf | 280 | cm | raw_value | Pooled | Oaxaca -Mexico | cruzjimenez2010 |
| k | 0.08 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Oaxaca -Mexico | cruzjimenez2010 |
| t0 | -3.82 | Year | raw_value | Pooled | Oaxaca -Mexico | cruzjimenez2010 |
| Linf | 210.9 | cm | raw_value | Pooled | Oaxaca -Mexico | cruzjimenez2014 |
| Linf | 258.4 | cm | raw_value | Pooled | Oaxaca -Mexico | cruzjimenez2014 |
| Linf | 185.4 | cm | raw_value | Pooled | Oaxaca -Mexico | cruzjimenez2014 |
| k | 0.149 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Oaxaca -Mexico | cruzjimenez2014 |
| k | 0.099 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Oaxaca -Mexico | cruzjimenez2014 |
| k | 0.264 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Oaxaca -Mexico | cruzjimenez2014 |
| t0 | -2.315 | Year | raw_value | Pooled | Oaxaca -Mexico | cruzjimenez2014 |
| Linf | 335.77 | cm | raw_value | Female | Mexican Central Pacific | mondragonsanchez2015 |
| Linf | 314.02 | cm | raw_value | Male | Mexican Central Pacific | mondragonsanchez2015 |
| Linf | 336.61 | cm | raw_value | Pooled | Mexican Central Pacific | mondragonsanchez2015 |
| k | 0.037 | Coefficient | raw_value | Female | Mexican Central Pacific | mondragonsanchez2015 |
| k | 0.039 | Coefficient | raw_value | Male | Mexican Central Pacific | mondragonsanchez2015 |
| k | 0.036 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Mexican Central Pacific | mondragonsanchez2015 |
| t0 | -4.264 | Year | raw_value | Female | Mexican Central Pacific | mondragonsanchez2015 |
| t0 | -4.427 | Year | raw_value | Male | Mexican Central Pacific | mondragonsanchez2015 |
| t0 | -4.439 | Year | raw_value | Pooled | Mexican Central Pacific | mondragonsanchez2015 |
| Linf | 240 | cm | raw_value | Pooled | Baja California peninsula | sanchezdeita2011 |
| k | 0.14 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Baja California peninsula | sanchezdeita2011 |
| t0 | -2.98 | Year | raw_value | Pooled | Baja California peninsula | sanchezdeita2011 |
| Linf | 315 | cm | raw_value | Female | Gulf of Tehuantepec | zeadelacruz2007 |
| Linf | 310 | cm | raw_value | Male | Gulf of Tehuantepec | zeadelacruz2007 |
| Linf | 315 | cm | raw_value | Pooled | Gulf of Tehuantepec | zeadelacruz2007 |
| k | 0.106 | Coefficient | raw_value | Female | Gulf of Tehuantepec | zeadelacruz2007 |
| k | 0.102 | Coefficient | raw_value | Male | Gulf of Tehuantepec | zeadelacruz2007 |
| k | 0.104 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Gulf of Tehuantepec | zeadelacruz2007 |
| t0 | -1.632 | Year | raw_value | Female | Gulf of Tehuantepec | zeadelacruz2007 |
| t0 | -1.86 | Year | raw_value | Male | Gulf of Tehuantepec | zeadelacruz2007 |
| t0 | -1.69 | Year | raw_value | Pooled | Gulf of Tehuantepec | zeadelacruz2007 |
| k | 0.0838 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Linf | 332 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| t0 | -2.761 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| k | 0.077 | Coefficient | raw_value | Female | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Linf | 341.1 | Coefficient | raw_value | Female | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| t0 | -3.03 | Coefficient | raw_value | Female | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| k | 0.097 | Coefficient | raw_value | Male | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Linf | 314.5 | Coefficient | raw_value | Male | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| t0 | -2.32 | Coefficient | raw_value | Male | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Name | Value | Standard | ValueType | Sex | Location | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amax-observed | 22 | Year | raw_value | Female | Gulf of Mexico | bonfil1993 |
| Amax-observed | 20 | Year | raw_value | Male | Gulf of Mexico | bonfil1993 |
| Amax-estimated | 16 | Year | raw_value | Pooled | Baja California peninsula | sanchezdeita2011 |
| Amax-observed | 13 | Year | raw_value | Female | Gulf of Tehuantepec | zeadelacruz2007 |
| Amax-observed | 10 | Year | raw_value | Male | Gulf of Tehuantepec | zeadelacruz2007 |
| Age of largest immature | 11.3 | Year | max | Male | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Amax-estimated | 28.6 | Year | raw_value | Male | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Amax-observed | 14 | Year | raw_value | Male | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Amax-estimated | 35.8 | Year | raw_value | Female | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Amax-observed | 11 | Year | raw_value | Female | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Name | Value | Standard | ValueType | Sex | Location | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | 3.27 | Coefficient | Pooled | Colima | cruz2011 | |
| b | 1.19 | Coefficient | Pooled | Colima | cruz2011 | |
| a | 2.54 | Coefficient | Female | Colima | cruz2011 | |
| b | 1.19 | Coefficient | Female | Colima | cruz2011 | |
| a | 3.94 | Coefficient | Male | Colima | cruz2011 | |
| b | 1.18 | Coefficient | Male | Colima | cruz2011 | |
| a | 1.1 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| b | 1.09 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| a | 2.36 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| b | 1.21 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| a | 3.64 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| b | 1.31 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| a | 25.979 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| b | 18.197 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| a | 2.92e-06 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| b | 3.15 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Northeastern Taiwan (Nanafanao fish market) | Joung2008 |
| Name | Value | Standard | ValueType | Sex | Location | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natural mortality | 0.09 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Oaxaca -Mexico | cruzjimenez2010 |
| Total mortality | 0.92 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Oaxaca -Mexico | cruzjimenez2010 |
| Fishing mortality | 0.83 | Coefficient | raw_value | Pooled | Oaxaca -Mexico | cruzjimenez2010 |
| Name | Value | Standard | ValueType | Sex | Location | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Facilitation | Low | Effect size | mean | Pooled | Global | thompson2022 |
| Facilitation | High | Strength of evidence | mean | Pooled | Global | thompson2022 |
| Competition | High | Effect size | mean | Pooled | Cocos Island, Costa Rica | acevedogutierrez2002 |
| Competition | High | Strength of evidence | mean | Pooled | Cocos Island, Costa Rica | acevedogutierrez2002 |
| Direct Predation | Medium | Effect size | mean | Pooled | Eastern Pacific Coast to Hawaii | hunsicker2012 |
| Direct Predation | High | Strength of evidence | mean | Pooled | Eastern Pacific Coast to Hawaii | hunsicker2012 |
| Competition | Medium | Effect size | mean | Pooled | Eastern Pacific Coast to Hawaii | hunsicker2012 |
| Competition | High | Strength of evidence | mean | Pooled | Eastern Pacific Coast to Hawaii | hunsicker2012 |
| Trophic Cascade | High | Effect size | mean | Pooled | Central Pacific south of Hawaii | ward2005a |
| Trophic Cascade | Medium | Strength of evidence | mean | Pooled | Central Pacific south of Hawaii | ward2005a |
| Competition | High | Effect size | mean | Pooled | Central Pacific south of Hawaii | ward2005a |
| Competition | Medium | Strength of evidence | mean | Pooled | Central Pacific south of Hawaii | ward2005a |
| Location | Unit | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| West and Cental North Atlantic | individual | lynch2018 | Details | |
| North Gulf of Mexico | individual | shepherd2005 | Details | |
| Pacific | individual | clarke2013 | Details | |
| central_pacific | individual | clarke2013 | Details | |
| Pacific | individual | rice2015 | Details | |
| West Atlantic | individual | cortes2007a | Details | |
| West Atlantic | individual | cortes2007a | Details | |
| Gulf of Mexico | individual | cortes2007a | Details | |
| Western and Central Pacific | ton | Clarke2018 | Details | |
| central southeastern pacific | individual | lennert-cody2016 | Details | |
| central northeastern pacific | individual | lennert-cody2016 | Details | |
| central northeastern pacific | individual | Lennert-Cody2018 | Details | |
| central northeastern pacific | individual | Lennert-Cody2019 | Details | |
| central southeastern pacific | individual | Lennert-Cody2019 | Details |
| Location | Unit | Reference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| West Atlantic | individual | baum2003 | Details | |
| Queensland east coastline, Australia | individual | Roff2018 | Details | |
| Queensland east coastline, Australia | individual | Roff2018 | Details |